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1 atomic energy patent
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2 atomic energy patent
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3 patent
1) патент (охранный документ на изобретение, удостоверяющий признание предложения изобретением, его приоритет и исключительное право на него патентообладателя)2) патентовать; патентованный; патентный•- patent applied for
- patent in force
- patent being in force
- patent for a design
- patent for an invention
- patent for a plant
- patent for improvement
- patent in dispute
- patent on a design
- patent pending
- patent referred to
- patent abroad
- patent of addition
- patent of confirmation
- patent of importation
- patent of improvement
- patent of revalidation
- abandoned patent
- additional patent
- adjudicated patent
- AEC-owned patent
- anticipating patent
- apparatus patent
- art patent
- article patent
- assailable patent
- assigned patent
- atomic energy patent
- attackable patent
- attacked patent
- basic patent
- biological patent
- blocking patent
- blocking-off patent
- borderline patent
- British Letters patent
- broad patent
- business method patent
- cancelled patent
- ceased patent
- chemical patent
- cited patent
- collateral patent
- colonial patent
- combination patent
- Commission-owned patent
- communicated patent
- competing patent
- complementary patent
- composition-of-matter patent
- confirmation patent
- conflicting patent
- contestable patent
- copending patents
- corresponding patents
- deadwood patent
- dead-wood patent
- defective patent
- dependent patent
- design letters patent
- device patent
- disputed patent
- divisional patent
- domestic patent
- dominant patent
- dormant patent
- double patent
- dragnet patent
- drug patent
- duplicate patents
- earlier patent
- economic patent
- electrical patent
- European patent
- exclusive patent
- exercisable patent
- existing patent
- expired patent
- exploitable patent
- extended patent
- extinct patent
- fencing-off patent
- final patent
- foreign patent
- forfeited patent
- fortifying patent
- freed patent
- free-lance patent
- French pharmaceutical patent
- granted patent
- home patent
- importation patent
- improvement patent
- incipient patent
- incontestable patent
- independent patent
- indigenous patent
- industrial patent
- industrial development patent
- infringed patent
- infringing patent
- infringing patents
- inoperative patent
- interdependent patents
- intervening patent
- invalid patent
- issued patent
- joint patent
- key patent
- land patent
- lapsed patent
- later patent
- later-dated patent
- legally effective patent
- letters patent
- licensed patent
- litigious patent
- live patent
- machine patent
- main patent
- manufacture patent
- master patent
- material patent
- mechanical patent
- medical patent
- metallurgical patent
- method patent
- minor patent
- modification patent
- more recent patent
- narrow patent
- national patent
- national patent under the PCT
- native's patent
- new use patent
- non-convention patent
- Nordic patent
- not infringed patent
- nuisance patent
- objected patent
- obstructive patent
- old patent
- operative patent
- original patent
- ornamental design patent
- overlapping patents
- paper patent
- parallel patent
- parent patent
- pending patent
- petty patent
- pharmaceutical patent
- pioneer patent
- plant patent
- pooled patent
- posthumous patent
- practicable patent
- printed patent
- prior patent
- process patent
- product patent
- provisional European patent
- questionable patent
- reference patent
- regional patent
- reinstated patent
- reissue patent
- reissued patent
- related patent
- revoked patent
- scarecrow patent
- secret patent
- senior patent
- shot gun patent
- simultaneous patent
- small patent
- software patent
- standard patent
- strain patent
- strong patent
- structure patent
- subordinate patent
- subsequent patent
- subservient patent
- subsidiary patent
- sued upon patent
- suppressed patent
- transfer of technology patent
- unenforceable patent
- unexpired patent
- universal patent
- unjustified patent
- unused patent
- U. S. patent
- useful model patent
- utility patent
- valid patent
- valuable patent
- void patent
- voidable patent
- weak patent
- withheld patent
- world-wide patent
- worthless patent
- X-series patent
- younger patent
- youngest patent* * *патент (охранный документ, представляющий исключительнее право на осуществление, использование и продажу изобретения в течение определенного срока и на определенно» территории) -
4 патент на изобретение в области атомной энергии
Patents: atomic energy patentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > патент на изобретение в области атомной энергии
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5 Europäische Agentur für Gesundheitsschutz und Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz
Europäische Agentur für Gesundheitsschutz und Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz
European Agency for Health and Safety at Work;
• Einheitliche Europäisch Akte (EEA) (Europäische Kommission) Single European Act (SEA);
• Europäischer Aktionsplan zur Förderung von Innovationen European action plan to promote innovation;
• Europäisches Amt für Betrugsbekämpfung European Anti-fraud Office (OLAF);
• Europäisches Amt für humanitäre Hilfe European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO);
• Europäische Arbeitnehmerrechte European employee rights;
• Europäische Atomenergiegesellschaft (EAEG) European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM);
• Europäischer Ausrichtungs- und Garantiefonds für die Landwirtschaft (EAGFL) European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF);
• Europäische Auszeichnungen für Umweltqualität European awards for environmental quality;
• Europäische Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung (EBWE) European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD);
• Europäische Bankenvereinigung European Bank Federation (EBF);
• Europäische Beschäftigungs- und Sozialpolitik European employment and social policy;
• Europäische Beschäftigungsstrategie European employment strategy;
• Europäischer Betriebsrat European works council;
• Europäische Binnentransportorganisation European Central Inland Transport Organization;
• Europäischer Börsenindex Eurosyndicate index;
• Europäischer Bürgerbeauftragter European Ombudsman;
• Europäische Einigung European integration;
• Europäischer Entwicklungsfonds (EEF) European Development Fund (EDF);
• Europäische Exekutiven European executive bodies;
• Europäischer Fonds European Fund (EF);
• Europäischer Fonds für Regionalentwicklung (regionale Entwicklung) (EFRE) European Regional Development Fund (ERDF);
• Europäische Forschungsinfrastrukturen European research infrastructures;
• Europäisches Forschungsinstitut für Raumordnung und Städteplanung European Research Institute for Regional and Urban Planning;
• Europäische Forschungsprojekte European research projects;
• Europäische Freihandelszone (EFTA) European Free Trade Association (EFTA);
• Europäischer Führerschein European driving licence (Br.) (license, US);
• Europäisches Fürsorgeabkommen European Convention on Social and Medical Assistance;
• Europäischer Gedanke Europeanism;
• Europäische Gemeinschaft European Community (EC);
• Europäische Politische Gemeinschaft (EPG) European Political Community;
• Europäische Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl European Coal and Steel Community;
• aus Kreisen in der Europäisch Gemeinschaft verlautet (EU) Community sources say;
• gegen Anordnungen der Europäischen Gemeinschaft verstoßen (EU) to contravene Community regulations;
• der Europäischen Gemeinschaftsorganisation beitreten to enter into the European Communities;
• Europäische Gemeinschaftsregion Common Market territory;
• Europäisches Gericht erster Instanz European Court of First Instance;
• Europäischer Gerichtshof (EuGH)European Court of Justice (ECJ);
• Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte European Court of Human Rights (ECHR);
• Europäischer Gesamtdurchschnitt overall European average;
• Europäische Gesellschaft für Physik European Physical Society (EPS);
• Europäischer Gewerkschaftsbund (EGB) European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC);
• Europäisches Gipfeltreffen des sozialen Dialogs European Social Dialogue Summit;
• Europäisches Gleichstellungsrecht European equal opportunities legislation;
• Europäische Gleichstellungsrechte European equal opportunities rights;
• Europäische Grenzregion Europe’s border region;
• Europäische Identität stärken to reinforce the European identity;
• Europäischer Informationsdienst für den lokalen Verkehr European local transport information service (ELTIS);
• Europäische Integration European integration;
• Europäisch wirtschaftliche Interessenvereinigung European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG);
• Europäische Investitionsbank (EIB) European Investment Bank (EIB);
• Europäische Kernenergieagentur (EKA) European Nuclear Energy Agency (ENEA);
• Europäisches Komitee für Normung European Committee for Coordination of Standards;
• Europäischer Kommissar European Commissioner;
• Europäisch Kommission für Menschenrechte European Commission of Human Rights;
• Europäische Kommunalkonferenz European Conference of Local Authorities;
• Europäische Konferenz der Verwaltungen für Post und Telekommunikation European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations;
• Europäisches Landwirtschaftsmodell European model of agriculture;
• Europäische Marktordnung European Market Regulations;
• Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK) European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), European Rights Convention;
• Europäisches Niederlassungsabkommen European Convention on Establishment;
• Europäische Normung European Standards;
• Europäische Organisation von Marktforschungsinstituten European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research (ESOMAR);
• Europäische Organisation für Raumforschung European Space Research Organization (ESTEC);
• Europäische Organisation für Satellitenübertragungen European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT);
• Europäische Organisation zur Sicherung der Luftfahrt European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation;
• Europäische Organisation für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC);
• Europäisches Parlament (EP) European Parliament (EP);
• Europäisches Patentamt European Patent Office;
• Europäische Patentorganisation European Patent Organization;
• Europäische Polizeibehörde European police force;
• Europäische Produktivitätszentrale European Productivity Agency (EPA);
• Europäischer Rat European Council;
• Europäische Raumordnungsministerkonferenz European Conference of Regional Planning Ministers;
• Europäische Rechnungseinheit European Unit of Account;
• Europäische Rechnungs- und Währungseinheit European accounting and currency unit;
• Europäischer Rechnungshof European Court of Auditors;
• Europäisches Referenzlabor für Luftverschmutzung European Reference Laboratory on Atmospheric Pullution (ERLAP);
• Europäisches Rundfunkabkommen European Broadcasting Agreement;
• Europäischer Sozialfonds (ESF) European Social Fund (ESF);
• Europäisches Sozialmodell European social model;
• Europäische Sozialvorschriften European social provisions;
• Europäischer Stabilitätspakt Pact on Stability in Europe;
• Europäischer Stellenvermittlungsservice European job placement agency;
• Europäisches Übereinkommen über die obligatorische Haftpflichtversicherung für Kraftfahrzeuge European Convention on compulsory insurance against civil liability in respect of motor vehicles;
• Europäische Übereinkunft über die internationale Patentklassifikation European Convention on the International Classification of Patents for Invention;
• Europäische Umweltagentur European Environment Agency;
• Europäisches Umweltzeichen European eco-label;
• Europäische Union (EU) European Union (EU);
• Europäische Verbraucherberatung (Wien) European Consumer Centre;
• Europäische Vereinigung der Finanzmaklergesellschaften European Federation of Financial Analysts Societies (EFFAS);
• Europäische Verkehrsministerkonferenz European Conference of Ministers of Transport;
• Europäische Verteidigungsgemeinschaft (EVG) European Defence Community (EDC);
• Europäisches Währungsabkommen European Monetary Agreement (EMA);
• Europäische Währungseinheit European currency unit (ECU);
• Europäisches Währungsinstitut (EWI) European Monetary Institute (EMI);
• Europäisches Währungssystem (EWS) European Monetary System (EMS);
• Europäische Währungsunion (EWU) European Monetary Union (EMU);
• Europäischer Währungsverbund European currency float;
• Europäisches Wiederaufbauprogramm European Recovery Program(me) (ERP);
• Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft European Economic Community (EEC), Euromarket, European Common Market (Br.);
• der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft beitreten to join the Common Market;
• Europäischer Wirtschaftsraum (EWR) European Economic Area (EEA);
• Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion European Economic and Monetary Union;
• Europäische Woche für Wissenschaft und Technologie European Science and Technology Week;
• Europäische Zahlungsunion European Payments Union (EPU);
• Europäisches Zentralbankensystem (EZBS) European System of Central Banks (ESCB);
• Europäischr Zentralverband der öffentlichen Wirtschaft European Centre for Public Enterprise (CEEP);
• Europäisches Zentrum für technische und wissenschaftliche Analysen (CSTE) European Technical and Scientific Centre (ETSC);
• Europäische Zollunion European Customs Union;
• Europäisches Zukunftsbild entwerfen to envisage a Europe of the future;
• Europäische Politische Zusammenarbeit (EPZ) European Political Cooperation (EPC);
• Europäische Zusammenarbeit zur Erweiterung des Wissens European cooperation in the pursuit of knowledge.Business german-english dictionary > Europäische Agentur für Gesundheitsschutz und Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz
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6 Bacon, Francis Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 21 December 1904 Billericay, Englandd. 24 May 1992 Little Shelford, Cambridge, England[br]English mechanical engineer, a pioneer in the modern phase of fuel-cell development.[br]After receiving his education at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, Bacon served with C.A. Parsons at Newcastle upon Tyne from 1925 to 1940. From 1946 to 1956 he carried out research on Hydrox fuel cells at Cambridge University and was a consultant on fuel-cell design to a number of organizations throughout the rest of his life.Sir William Grove was the first to observe that when oxygen and hydrogen were supplied to platinum electrodes immersed in sulphuric acid a current was produced in an external circuit, but he did not envisage this as a practical source of electrical energy. In the 1930s Bacon started work to develop a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell that operated at moderate temperatures and pressures using an alkaline electrolyte. In 1940 he was appointed to a post at King's College, London, and there, with the support of the Admiralty, he started full-time experimental work on fuel cells. His brief was to produce a power source for the propulsion of submarines. The following year he was posted as a temporary experimental officer to the Anti-Submarine Experimental Establishment at Fairlie, Ayrshire, and he remained there until the end of the Second World War.In 1946 he joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at Cambridge, receiving a small amount of money from the Electrical Research Association. Backing came six years later from the National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC), the development of the fuel cell being transferred to Marshalls of Cambridge, where Bacon was appointed Consultant.By 1959, after almost twenty years of individual effort, he was able to demonstrate a 6 kW (8 hp) power unit capable of driving a small truck. Bacon appreciated that when substantial power was required over long periods the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell associated with high-pressure gas storage would be more compact than conventional secondary batteries.The development of the fuel-cell system pioneered by Bacon was stimulated by a particular need for a compact, lightweight source of power in the United States space programme. Electro-chemical generators using hydrogen-oxygen cells were chosen to provide the main supplies on the Apollo spacecraft for landing on the surface of the moon in 1969. An added advantage of the cells was that they simultaneously provided water. NRDC was largely responsible for the forma-tion of Energy Conversion Ltd, a company that was set up to exploit Bacon's patents and to manufacture fuel cells, and which was supported by British Ropes Ltd, British Petroleum and Guest, Keen \& Nettlefold Ltd at Basingstoke. Bacon was their full-time consultant. In 1971 Energy Conversion's operation was moved to the UK Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, as Fuel Cells Ltd. Bacon remained with them until he retired in 1973.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOBE 1967. FRS 1972. Royal Society S.G. Brown Medal 1965. Royal Aeronautical Society British Silver Medal 1969.Bibliography27 February 1952, British patent no. 667,298 (hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell). 1963, contribution in W.Mitchell (ed.), Fuel Cells, New York, pp. 130–92.1965, contribution in B.S.Baker (ed.), Hydrocarbon Fuel Cell Technology, New York, pp. 1–7.Further ReadingObituary, 1992, Daily Telegraph (8 June).A.McDougal, 1976, Fuel Cells, London (makes an acknowledgement of Bacon's contribution to the design and application of fuel cells).D.P.Gregory, 1972, Fuel Cells, London (a concise introduction to fuel-cell technology).GW -
7 application
ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən сущ.
1) просьба;
заявление;
форма заявления to file an application, make an application, put in an application, send in an application, submit an application ≈ подавать заявление, подавать прошение to reject application, turn down application ≈ отказать в прошении to withdraw an application ≈ забирать прошение membership application ≈ заявление с просьбой о членстве в какой-л. организации written application ≈ письменное прошение, письменное заявление application for financial aid ≈ просьба о финансовой помощи application for admission to a university ≈ заявление о приеме в университет He filed an application to be admitted to the intensive course. ≈ Он подал заявление о приеме на интенсивный курс. Syn: petition, request, formal request
2) применение, использование, употребление;
приложение;
применимость application of new techniques ≈ применение новой техники the place of application of a force ≈ место приложения силы new applications for old remedies ≈ новые приложения старых средств Syn: use
3) прикладывание, накладывание;
нанесение
4) мат. наложение
5) компресс oily application for dry skin ≈ масляный компресс для сухой кожи
6) аппликация, вышивка
7) применение (лекарства) single application ≈ одноразовое применение лекарственного средства Rheumatic pains cured by the application of spirits of camphor. ≈ Ревматические боли снимаются применением камфарного спирта.
8) прилежание, старание, усердие to succeed by application to one's studies ≈ добиваться успеха благодаря прилежанию в занятиях Syn: diligence I, attention
1), assiduous effort
9) компьют. прикладная задачазаявление;
заявка - written * письменное заявление - * form бланк заявки;
бланк для заявления - * for the position заявление о зачислении на должность - to get books on * получить книги по заявке - to send in an * подать заявление просьба, обращение - * for help просьба о помощи - to refuse an * отказать в просьбе - * to smb. for smth. обращение к кому-либо за чем-либо (юридическое) заявление, письменное ходатайство суду или судье применение, приложение;
использование - * of atomic energy for peaceful purposes применение атомной энергии в мирных целях - * of a theory in actual practice применение теории в практической деятельности - * of the law to the present case применение закона к данному случаю - such terms have no * with it такие термины неприменимы к этому применение, употребление - for external * only только для наружного употребления (о лекарстве) - * of force( физическое) приложение силы прикладывание, накладывание;
нанесение (слоя вещества) - * of dressing to a wound наложение повязки на рану - * of ice to the forehead прикладывание льда ко лбу - * of forceps (медицина) наложение акушерских щипцов (математика) наложение (сельскохозяйственное) (профессионализм) внесение удобрений или ядохимикатов - heavy * обильное удобрение - supplemental * дополнительное удобрение, подкормка - liberal * повышенное удобрение - light * внесение малых доз( ядохимикатов) компресс, примочка - hot and cold *s горячие и холодные компрессы аппликация (вышивка) прилежание, рвение, внимание - to give * to work усердно работать - to lack * не проявлять особого рвения - my work demands close * моя работа требует пристального внимания (информатика) (прикладная) программаapplication жалоба ~ заявка ~ заявка на приобретение вновь выпускаемых ценных бумаг ~ заявление;
прошение;
to put in an application подать заявление ~ заявление ~ использование ~ обращение ~ обращение за кредитом ~ обращение за открытием счета ~ обращение за признанием в качестве банка ~ обращение за признанием в качестве брокера ~ отнесение платежа к определенному долгу ~ письменное ходатайство суду или судье ~ вчт. прикладная программа ~ прикладывание (горчичника, пластыря и т. п.) ~ прилежание, рвение, старание (тж. application to work) ~ прилежание ~ вчт. приложение ~ приложение ~ применение;
применимость ~ применение (права, закона) ~ применение ~ просьба ~ прошение, заявление;
применение (закона, правила, инструмента, прибора и т. п.) ~ рвение ~ употребление (лекарства) ~ употребление ~ ходатайство~ by letter письменное заявление~ for admission заявление о приеме~ for admission to official listing заявка на допуск ценной бумаги к официальной торговле на фондовой бирже~ for asylum просьба о предоставлении убежища~ for cancellation просьба об аннулировании~ for credit facilities заявка на выделение ссуды ~ for credit facilities заявка на получение кредитов~ for documentary credit заявка на получение документарного аккредитива~ for invalidation of an election заявление о признании выборов недействительными~ for membership заявление о приеме в члены~ for patent патентная заявка~ for postponement недв. просьба об отсрочке~ for registration of limited company заявление о регистрации компании с ограниченной ответственностью~ for registration of trade mark заявление о регистрации торговой марки~ form анкета поступающего на работу form: application ~ бланк заявки application ~ бланк заявки на приобретение акций application ~ бланк заявления application ~ бланк подписки на заем application ~ заявочный бланк~ in person личное заявление~ of law применение законаbatch ~ вчт. система пакетной обработкиbusiness ~ коммерческое применениеcomputer ~ применение компьютераconvention ~ пат. конвенционная заявкаcredit ~ заявка о предоставлении кредитаdeclined loan ~ отклоненная заявка на получение ссудыdedicated ~ специализированное применение dedicated ~ специальное применениеdistributed ~ вчт. распределенная прикладная системаdivisional ~ пат. выделенная заявкаfile an ~ подавать заявку file an ~ подавать заявлениеgrant an ~ подавать заявкуgraphic ~ вчт. графическое приложениеhigh-volume ~ вчт. крупномасштабная прикладная системаinquiry ~ вчт. запросно-ответная системаinsurance ~ заявление о страхованииinteractive ~ вчт. интерактивная системаjob ~ заявление о приеме на работуloan ~ заявка на получение ссудыlow-volume ~ вчт. прикладная малопроизводительная системаmake an ~ подавать заявлениеmanagerial ~ применение компьютера в управленииnew ~ новое применениеoff-line ~ вчт. автономная прикладная система off-line ~ вчт. система в автономном режимеoriginating ~ заявление, начинающее судебный процесс originating ~ письменная жалоба originating ~ повестка в судparent ~ основная патентная заявка parent ~ первичная патентная заявкаpatent ~ заявка на патентprevious ~ предшествующее заявление~ заявление;
прошение;
to put in an application подать заявлениеrefuse an ~ отклонять заявлениеrefused loan ~ отклоненная заявка на получение ссудыscientific ~ вчт. исследовательская прикладная системаsingle-remote ~ вчт. автономная системаslave ~ вчт. подчиненная системаstandby ~ вчт. резервная системаsubmit an ~ подавать заявкуtime-sharing ~ вчт. прикладная система разделения времениwritten ~ письменное заявлениеБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > application
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8 europäisch
Adj. European; Europäischer Binnenmarkt European Common Market; Europäische Freihandelszone European Free Trade Area; Europäische Gemeinschaft HIST. (abgek. EG) European Community (abgek. EC); Europäischer Gerichtshof (abgek. EuGH) European Court of Justice; Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte European Court of Human Rights; Europäische Kommission European Commission; Europäisches Parlament European Parliament; Europäisches Patentamt European Patent Office; Europäischer Rechnungshof European Court of Auditors; Europäische Union (abgek. EU) European Union (abgek. EU); Europäisches Währungsystem (abgek. EWS) European Monetary System (abgek. EMS); Europäische Währungsunion (abgek. EWU) European Monetary Union (abgek. EMU); Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (abgek. EWG) HIST. European Economic Community (abgek. EEC); Europäische Zentralbank (abgek. EZB) European Central Bank (abgek. ECB); Freihandelszone, Menschenrechtskommission etc.* * *European* * *eu|ro|pä|isch [ɔyro'pɛːɪʃ]adjEuropeanEuropäischer Gerichtshof — European Court of Justice
Europäische Kulturhauptstadt — European City of Culture
* * *eu·ro·pä·isch[ɔyroˈpɛ:ɪʃ]adj EuropeanE\europäische Atomgemeinschaft European Atomic Energy Community, EuratomE\europäische Einheitswährung single European currency, the euroE\europäischer Entwicklungsfonds European Development Fund, EDFE\europäischer Fonds für Währungszusammenarbeit European Monetary Co-operation FundE\europäischer Fonds für währungspolitische Zusammenarbeit European Monetary Cooperation FundE\europäische Freihandelszone European Free Trade AreaE\europäische Freihandelsgemeinschaft European Free Trade AssociationE\europäische Gemeinschaft European CommunityE\europäische Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl European Coal and Steel CommunityE\europäischer Gerichtshof European Court of JusticeE\europäischer Gewerkschaftsbund European Trade Union ConfederationE\europäische Investitionsbank European Investment BankE\europäische Kommission European CommissionE\europäische Marktordnung European market regulations plE\europäische Menschenrechtskommission European Commission for Human RightsE\europäische Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit Organization for European Economic CooperationE\europäisches Parlament European ParliamentE\europäischer Rat European CouncilE\europäische Rechnungseinheit European Unit of AccountE\europäischer Sozialfonds European Social FundE\europäische Verteidigungsgemeinschaft European Defence [or AM -se] CouncilE\europäisches Währungsabkommen European Monetary AgreementE\europäische Währungseinheit European Currency UnitE\europäischer Währungsfonds European Monetary Fund, EMFE\europäisches Währungssystem European Monetary System, EMSE\europäische [Wirtschafts- und] Währungsunion European [Economic and] Monetary Union, EMUE\europäischer Wechselkursverbund Currency SnakeE\europäische Weltraumbehörde European Space AgencyE\europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft European Economic Community, [European] Common MarketE\europäischer Wirtschaftsrat European Economic CouncilE\europäischer Wirtschaftsraum European Economic Area, ECAE\europäische Zentralbank European Central Bank, ECBE\europäische Zollunion European Customs Union* * *Adjektiv European* * *europäisch adj European;Europäischer Binnenmarkt European Common Market;Europäische Freihandelszone European Free Trade Area;Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte European Court of Human Rights;Europäische Kommission European Commission;Europäisches Parlament European Parliament;Europäisches Patentamt European Patent Office;Europäischer Rechnungshof European Court of Auditors;Europäische Zentralbank (abk EZB) European Central Bank (abk ECB); → Freihandelszone, Menschenrechtskommission etc* * *Adjektiv European* * *adj.European adj. -
9 Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
[br]b. 6 September 1892 Bradford, Englandd. 21 April 1965 Edinburgh, Scotland[br]English physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the ionospheric layer, named after him, which is an efficient reflector of short radio waves, thereby making possible long-distance radio communication.[br]After early ambitions to become a professional cricketer, Appleton went to St John's College, Cambridge, where he studied under J.J.Thompson and Ernest Rutherford. His academic career interrupted by the First World War, he served as a captain in the Royal Engineers, carrying out investigations into the propagation and fading of radio signals. After the war he joined the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, as a demonstrator in 1920, and in 1924 he moved to King's College, London, as Wheatstone Professor of Physics.In the following decade he contributed to developments in valve oscillators (in particular, the "squegging" oscillator, which formed the basis of the first hard-valve time-base) and gained international recognition for research into electromagnetic-wave propagation. His most important contribution was to confirm the existence of a conducting ionospheric layer in the upper atmosphere capable of reflecting radio waves, which had been predicted almost simultaneously by Heaviside and Kennelly in 1902. This he did by persuading the BBC in 1924 to vary the frequency of their Bournemouth transmitter, and he then measured the signal received at Cambridge. By comparing the direct and reflected rays and the daily variation he was able to deduce that the Kennelly- Heaviside (the so-called E-layer) was at a height of about 60 miles (97 km) above the earth and that there was a further layer (the Appleton or F-layer) at about 150 miles (240 km), the latter being an efficient reflector of the shorter radio waves that penetrated the lower layers. During the period 1927–32 and aided by Hartree, he established a magneto-ionic theory to explain the existence of the ionosphere. He was instrumental in obtaining agreement for international co-operation for ionospheric and other measurements in the form of the Second Polar Year (1932–3) and, much later, the International Geophysical Year (1957–8). For all this work, which made it possible to forecast the optimum frequencies for long-distance short-wave communication as a function of the location of transmitter and receiver and of the time of day and year, in 1947 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.He returned to Cambridge as Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1939, and with M.F. Barnett he investigated the possible use of radio waves for radio-location of aircraft. In 1939 he became Secretary of the Government Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, a post he held for ten years. During the Second World War he contributed to the development of both radar and the atomic bomb, and subsequently served on government committees concerned with the use of atomic energy (which led to the establishment of Harwell) and with scientific staff.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted (KCB 1941, GBE 1946). Nobel Prize for Physics 1947. FRS 1927. Vice- President, American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1932. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1933. Institute of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1946. Vice-Chancellor, Edinburgh University 1947. Institution of Civil Engineers Ewing Medal 1949. Royal Medallist 1950. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1962. President, British Association 1953. President, Radio Industry Council 1955–7. Légion d'honneur. LLD University of St Andrews 1947.Bibliography1925, joint paper with Barnett, Nature 115:333 (reports Appleton's studies of the ionosphere).1928, "Some notes of wireless methods of investigating the electrical structure of the upper atmosphere", Proceedings of the Physical Society 41(Part III):43. 1932, Thermionic Vacuum Tubes and Their Applications (his work on valves).1947, "The investigation and forecasting of ionospheric conditions", Journal of theInstitution of Electrical Engineers 94, Part IIIA: 186 (a review of British work on the exploration of the ionosphere).with J.F.Herd \& R.A.Watson-Watt, British patent no. 235,254 (squegging oscillator).Further ReadingWho Was Who, 1961–70 1972, VI, London: A. \& C.Black (for fuller details of honours). R.Clark, 1971, Sir Edward Appleton, Pergamon (biography).J.Jewkes, D.Sawers \& R.Stillerman, 1958, The Sources of Invention.KFBiographical history of technology > Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
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10 Nutzung
Nutzung f 1. GEN utilization; 2. GRUND residential occupancy; 3. PAT use; 4. UMWELT utilization* * *f 1. < Geschäft> utilization; 2. < Grund> residential occupancy; 3. < Patent> use; 4. < Umwelt> utilization* * *Nutzung
use, enjoyment, exploitation, utilization, (Einkommen) revenue, (Ertrag) profit, yield, proceeds;
• Nutzungen profit a rendre;
• alleinige Nutzung entire use;
• fortgesetzte bestrittene Nutzung continuous adverse use;
• energetische Nutzung energetic utilization;
• gemeinschaftliche Nutzung (Kartellgesetz) common user (US);
• gewerbliche Nutzung commercial use;
• industrielle Nutzung industrial use;
• landwirtschaftliche Nutzung agricultural use;
• wiederkehrende Nutzungen recurring returns (benefits, revenues);
• zwischenzeitliche Nutzung mesne profit;
• friedliche Nutzung der Atomenergie peaceful use of atomic energy;
• Nutzung und Besitz use and occupation;
• gemeinsame Nutzung fremder Grundstücke profit in common;
• Nutzung [der Kernenergie] zu zivilen Zwecken peaceful uses [of nuclear energy];
• eigentumsähnliche Nutzung auf Lebenszeit determinable freehold;
• Nutzung der Luftstraßen use of airways;
• Nutzung von Straßen für den Fernlastverkehr use of roads for long-distance freight transport;
• wirtschaftliche Nutzung des Weltraums space commercialization;
• jahrweise zur landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung verpachten to let on an annual agricultural tenancy. -
11 invention
- invention in contemplation
- invention made in common
- invention reduced to practice
- hide the invention
- invention of application
- invention of no avail
- abandoned invention
- accidental invention
- actual invention
- additional invention
- AEC contract invention
- aggregative invention
- alleged invention
- atomic energy invention
- basic invention
- biotechnological invention
- broad invention
- chemical invention
- claimed invention
- cognate inventions
- combination invention
- communicated inventions
- company's invention
- competing invention
- complete invention
- contemplated invention
- dead wood invention
- declassified invention
- defense invention
- defensive invention
- dependent invention
- derived invention
- design invention
- developing invention
- disclosed invention
- distinct invention
- domestic invention
- economic invention
- efficiency promoting invention
- employee's invention
- epoch-making invention
- finished invention
- foreign invention
- fraudulent invention
- free invention
- frivolous invention
- fully disclosed invention
- fundamental invention
- gene-based invention
- generic invention
- home invention
- immature invention
- imperfect invention
- incidental invention
- incomplete invention
- independent invention
- individual invention
- ineffective invention
- injurious invention
- interfering invention
- joint invention
- labor saving invention
- later invention
- main invention under the PCT
- method invention
- military invention
- narrow invention
- new invention
- novel invention
- obvious invention
- ordinary invention
- original invention
- outsider's invention
- paper invention
- patentable invention
- patented invention
- pioneer invention
- pioneering invention
- practical invention
- practically operative invention
- prior invention
- process invention
- proposed invention
- protected invention
- purported invention
- recognized invention
- recommended invention
- registered invention
- revolutionizing invention
- scandalous invention
- secret invention
- service invention
- simple invention
- specific invention
- subordinate invention
- supplementary invention
- supposed invention
- trivial invention
- unfinished invention
- unobvious invention
- unpatentable invention
- unpatented invention
- unrealizable invention
- useful invention
- utility invention
- vicious invention
- works invention
- worthless invention* * *изобретение (решение технической задачи, обладающее новизной и дающее положительный эффект) -
12 system
-
13 Kern
Kern m 1. COMP core; 2. GEN core, gist (eines Problem); 3. IND (AE) center, (BE) centre; 4. PAT gist* * *m 1. < Comp> core; 2. < Geschäft> eines Problem core, gist; 3. < Ind> center (AE), centre (BE) ; 4. < Patent> gist* * *Kern
(Basis) unit, nucleus, (Korn) kernel, (Mittelpunkt) core, essence, heart, (Ursache) root, (Wesentliches) [pith and] marrow;
• Kern einer Angelegenheit crux (nucleus) of a matter;
• Kern der Arbeitslosen hard core;
• Kern der Beweisführung burden of an argument;
• Kern einer Stadt heart (center) of a city, city core;
• Kern eines Vertrages essence (root) of a contract;
• Kern einer Sache bilden to be at the heart of s. th.;
• zum Kern einer Sache kommen (vordringen, vorstoßen) to pierce beneath the show of a thing, to come to the crucial point;
• am Kern einer Sache vorbeigehen to be beside the point;
• Kernaktivität[en] core business;
• Kernarbeitsgebiet core activities;
• Kernaufgabe core task;
• Kernbegriff central concept;
• Kernbestandteil (Anzeige) running body;
• Kerndaten für die Konjunkturprognose (Doktrin) anticipators of a business cycle;
• Kernenergie nuclear energy;
• Kernenergieanlage nuclear site;
• Kernenergienutzung use of nuclear energy;
• Kernfrage crucial problem, pivotal question, sticking point;
• Kernfusion nuclear fusion;
• Kerngebiet core area;
• Kerngedanke key objective;
• Kerngeschäft core business;
• Kernindustrie nuclear industry;
• Kernkapital (Bankbilanz) core capital, tier one (1);
• Kernkompetenz key competency;
• Kernländer core countries;
• Kernprinzip basic principle;
• Kernpunkt main issue, marrow, [crucial] point;
• Kernreaktor atomic (chain) reactor;
• Kernreaktoranlage nuclear power station (plant);
• Kernreaktorgelände reactor site;
• Kernspaltung nuclear fission;
• Kernstück (Anzeige) bold type, (Ausstellung) centerpiece (US) (centre-piece, Br.);
• Kernstücke eines Konzerns core companies of a group;
• Kerntechnik nuclear engineering;
• Kernumwandlung nuclear transmutation;
• Kernwirtschaften core economies;
• Kernzeit (gestaffelte Arbeitszeit) core time.
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